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Tip of the Week

When you have a process that is stuck or won’t respond, a good rule of thumb for escalating kills:

  1. kill -15 (TERM)
  2. kill -2 (INT)
  3. kill -9 (KILL)

The first two options give the misbehaving program a chance to quit gracefully and cleanup after itself. A -9 may leave artifacts behind (lock files, temp files, etc).

You can list all of the signals with kill -l. A function to show the signals and their number:

while read -r sig; do
  printf "%s %s\n" "$(kill -l $sig)" "$sig"
done <<< $(kill -l | tr ' ' '\n') | column

Bonus:

  • Find a process PID with pgrep <process>
  • To kill all processes that match a name: pkill -<num> <process>